Developmental Depression in Adolescents: A Potential Sub-type Based on Neural Correlates and Comorbidity
Diagnosis of depression has low reliability (kappa = 0.28) due to covert heterogeneity, making the identification of sub-types a focus of research. Very high rates of moderate or sub-threshold depression among adolescents (35-45 % beyond the 20-25 % with MDD), prompt consideration of a potential s...
Main Author: | |
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Contributors: | |
Format: | Electronic Article |
Language: | English |
Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
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Published: |
Springer Science + Business Media B. V.
[2015]
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In: |
Journal of religion and health
Year: 2015, Volume: 54, Issue: 3, Pages: 817-828 |
Further subjects: | B
emerging adult
B Spirituality B Developmental depression B Individuation B Adolescent B Depression B Existential |
Online Access: |
Volltext (Verlag) Volltext (doi) |
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520 | |a Diagnosis of depression has low reliability (kappa = 0.28) due to covert heterogeneity, making the identification of sub-types a focus of research. Very high rates of moderate or sub-threshold depression among adolescents (35-45 % beyond the 20-25 % with MDD), prompt consideration of a potential sub-type of moderate sub-threshold depression, linked to adolescent development. Previously, developmental depression (DD) has been proposed as sub-type of moderate depression that is a normative developmental process of spiritual individuation, the integration of existential and spiritual experience. DD as a potential sub-type is supported both by clinical observation and by an emerging body of research identifying a common physiology to underlie both depression and spirituality (neurotransmitters, structural MRI and long-term clinical course), as well as research showing a surge of spirituality in adolescence (concomitant with window of risk of depression). We test for unique patterns of comorbidity and neural correlates as support for a sub-type. Based upon existing literature, we propose that DD will be (1) associated with the unique neural correlate of increased volume in the occipital region and (2) co-morbid with symptoms of affected regulation and processing. A sample of 125 adolescents (64 girls and 61 boys; ages 15-19 years) from the larger National Institute of Health Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of Normal Brain Development (Evans in Neuroimage 30(1):184-202, 2006) was assessed using the Cloninger Self-Transcendence Scale to examine correlates of sub-threshold mild to moderate symptoms of depression. Findings lend support to the possibility of a DD. Sub-threshold depression was associated with greater volume in the occipital region, as well as comorbidity with symptoms of affected regulation and processing (mania, ADHD, anxiety). By contrast, in adolescents with a low level of transcendence, sub-threshold depression was associated with conduct disorder and heavy substance use, both of which previous research have found to be associated with low levels of personal spirituality. | ||
601 | |a Depression | ||
650 | 4 | |a Adolescent | |
650 | 4 | |a Depression | |
650 | 4 | |a Developmental depression | |
650 | 4 | |a emerging adult | |
650 | 4 | |a Existential | |
650 | 4 | |a Individuation | |
650 | 4 | |a Spirituality | |
700 | 1 | |a Barton, Yakov A. |4 oth | |
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REL | |a 1 | ||
STA | 0 | 0 | |a Depression,Depression,Individuation,Individuation,Separation-individuation |
STB | 0 | 0 | |a Dépression,Dépression,Individuation,Individuation,Séparation-individuation |
STC | 0 | 0 | |a Depresión,Depresión,Individuación,Individuación |
STD | 0 | 0 | |a Depressione,Depressione,Individuazione,Individuazione |
STE | 0 | 0 | |a 个性化,个体化,个别化,抑郁症,抑郁症,重性抑郁障碍,忧郁症,重性抑郁障碍,忧郁症 |
STF | 0 | 0 | |a 個性化,個體化,個別化,抑鬱症,抑鬱症,重性抑鬱障礙,憂鬱症,重性抑鬱障礙,憂鬱症 |
STG | 0 | 0 | |a Depressão,Depressão,Individuação,Individuação |
STH | 0 | 0 | |a Депрессия (мотив),Депрессия,Индивидуация (философия),Индивидуация |
STI | 0 | 0 | |a Εξατομίκευση (φιλοσοφία),Εξατομίκευση,Ατομικότητα,Κατάθλιψη (μοτίβο),Κατάθλιψη |
SUB | |a REL | ||
SYE | 0 | 0 | |a Depressionen , Selbstwerdung |