Post-Critical Beliefs and Religious Reflection: Religious Openness Hypothesis in Iranian University and Islamic Seminary Students

Negative relationships between Post-Critical Beliefs in Iran imply that Muslim perspectives are closed-minded, but positive correlations between Religious Reflection factors point instead toward a Muslim open-mindedness. The hypothesis of this study was that this contrast reveals the Post-Critical B...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Ghorbani, Nima (Author) ; Watson, P. J. (Author) ; Sarmast, Zahra (Author)
Contributors: Chen, Zhuo Job (Other)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill 2018
In: Journal of empirical theology
Year: 2018, Volume: 31, Issue: 1, Pages: 49-70
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Iran / Muslim / Reflection (Philosophy) / Religiosity / Openness
RelBib Classification:AE Psychology of religion
BJ Islam
KBL Near East and North Africa
Further subjects:B post-critical beliefs Islamic religious reflection religious openness hypothesis Islam rumination-reflection Iran
Online Access: Volltext (Verlag)

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520 |a Negative relationships between Post-Critical Beliefs in Iran imply that Muslim perspectives are closed-minded, but positive correlations between Religious Reflection factors point instead toward a Muslim open-mindedness. The hypothesis of this study was that this contrast reveals the Post-Critical Belief of Symbolism to be a questionable index of Muslim open-mindedness. Iranian university students and Islamic seminarians (N = 296) responded to Post-Critical Beliefs, Religious Reflection, Religious Orientation, Quest, Rumination-Reflection, and Satisfaction with Life measures. The “openness” of Symbolism correlated negatively with the “openness” of Intellect Oriented Reflection. Other relationships broadly documented Muslim potentials for openness. Evidence of open-mindedness also appeared in contrasts between university students and Islamic seminarians. These results argued against Symbolism as a culturally sensitive measure of Muslim open-mindedness and supported the claim of the Religious Openness Hypothesis that traditional religions have at least some potentials for openness that can be obscured by contextual influences. 
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