Belonging In a "Christian Nation": The Explicit and Implicit Associations between Religion and National Group Membership

If many consider the United States to be a Christian nation, how does this affect individuals who are American citizens but not Christian? We test two major hypotheses: (1) Americans consider Christians to be more fully American than non-Christians. We examine whether Americans explicitly and implic...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Jacobs, Carly M. (Author) ; Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth A. 1960- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Cambridge Univ. Press [2013]
In: Politics and religion
Year: 2013, Volume: 6, Issue: 2, Pages: 373-401
Online Access: Volltext (Resolving-System)
Volltext (doi)

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520 |a If many consider the United States to be a Christian nation, how does this affect individuals who are American citizens but not Christian? We test two major hypotheses: (1) Americans consider Christians to be more fully American than non-Christians. We examine whether Americans explicitly and implicitly connect being Christian with being a true American; and (2) Christian Americans are more likely to be patriotic and set exclusive boundaries on the national group than non-Christian Americans. Among non-Christians, however, those who want to be fully accepted as American will be more patriotic and set more exclusive boundaries to emulate prototypical Americans than non-Christians who place less emphasis on national group membership. We test these hypotheses using data from a survey and from an Implicit Association Test. We find that Americans in general associate being Christian with being a true American. For Christians, this is true both explicitly and implicitly. For non-Christians, only the implicit measure uncovers an association. We also found that non-Christians exhibit significantly more pro-national group behaviors when they desire being prototypical than when they do not. 
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