Dedications to Double Deities. Syncretism or simply syntax?
In the Greek epigraphical corpus can be identified a number of dedications to what we might call composite, or double, deities, e.g., Isis Aphrodite. Related non-cross-cultural composites gods can also be found, such as Hera Aphrodite of Sparta, or Zeus Ares of Arcadia. The focus of this paper is ho...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | English |
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
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Centre
[2014]
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| In: |
Kernos
Year: 2014, Volume: 27, Pages: 159-176 |
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| 520 | |a In the Greek epigraphical corpus can be identified a number of dedications to what we might call composite, or double, deities, e.g., Isis Aphrodite. Related non-cross-cultural composites gods can also be found, such as Hera Aphrodite of Sparta, or Zeus Ares of Arcadia. The focus of this paper is however three cases where gods of different cultures are combined. I will primarily examine three elaborate examples, which include cult epithets. These case studies come from Hellenistic Delos: the paper discusses the twice attested goddess Astarte Palaistine Aphrodite Ourania (in one case further specified as Epekoos) and the once attested Isis Soteira Astarte Aphrodite Euploia Epekoos, a goddess joined in worship to the male mixture Eros Harpokrates Apollon. As might be expected, these deities have often been termed syncretistic gods and they have been discussed as the results of processes of parallelization, assimilation, identification, or even simply of translations of gods of one culture to those of another. The present paper examines this terminology and tries to characterize the divinities in question in a more specific way. I argue that perhaps rather than syncretistic gods, in these circumstances we should discuss the syncretistic behaviour of the dedicators and the syncretistic milieu in which they lived. | ||
| 520 | |a Dans les corpus épigraphiques grecs apparaissent des dédicaces à des divinités que l’on pourrait appeler « composites » ou « doubles », e.g. Isis Aphrodite. Des dieux « composites » internes à la culture grecque sont également attestés, comme Héra Aphrodite à Sparte ou Zeus Arès en Arcadie. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser trois cas où des dieux de cultures différentes sont combinés, en des exemples complexes qui incluent des épiclèses. Ces cas proviennent de la Délos hellénistique : Astarté Palaistine Aphrodite Ourania attestée deux fois (dans un des deux cas, elle est aussi Epekoos) et Isis Soteira Astarte Aphrodite Euploia Epekoos, une déesse cultuellement associée au regroupement masculin Éros Harpocrate Apollon. Comme on peut s’y attendre, ces divinités ont souvent été qualifiées de « syncrétiques » et conçues comme le produit de processus de mise en parallèle, d’assimilation, d’identification, ou même simplement de traduction de divinités d’une culture à l’autre. L’article examine cette terminologie et tente de caractériser ces divinités d’une manière plus spécifique. Il s’avère que, davantage que des « dieux syncrétiques », nous devons plutôt aborder l’attitude « syncrétique » des dédicants et le milieu « syncrétique » dans lequel ils vivent. | ||
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