The Effect of Religiosity and Spirituality on Mental Health: Reply to Two Commentaries

We published a meta-analysis to determine the longitudinal positive effect of religion or spirituality (R/S) on mental health. Forty-eight longitudinal studies were summarized (59 independent samples). The meta-analysis yielded a significant, but small overall effect size of r =.08. We concluded tha...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Garssen, Albertus (Author) ; Visser, Anja (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group [2021]
In: The international journal for the psychology of religion
Year: 2021, Volume: 31, Issue: 1, Pages: 45-50
RelBib Classification:AE Psychology of religion
AG Religious life; material religion
CB Christian life; spirituality
Online Access: Presumably Free Access
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520 |a We published a meta-analysis to determine the longitudinal positive effect of religion or spirituality (R/S) on mental health. Forty-eight longitudinal studies were summarized (59 independent samples). The meta-analysis yielded a significant, but small overall effect size of r =.08. We concluded that there is evidence for a positive effect of R/S on mental health, but this effect is small. Our meta-analysis was recently criticized in this Journal by Koenig et al. Scientific debate is welcome, but we disagree with most of their comments. Our reply focusses on the following topics: Is the effect of R/S small? Might methodological issues underlie the small overall effect size? Randomized controlled studies, and change course and look elsewhere for more convincing results? 
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