On the Jesuit-Maronite Provenance of Lebanon's Criminalization of Homosexuality

Article 534 of the Lebanese Penal Code, effectively, criminalizes homosexual practices. Most commentators have claimed that its existence in modern Lebanon is a "colonial relic," specifically of the French Mandate, 1920-1946. But since 1791, French penal codes have not criminalized same-se...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Strenski, Ivan 1943- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Cambridge Univ. Press [2020]
In: Journal of law and religion
Year: 2020, Volume: 35, Issue: 3, Pages: 380-406
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Lebanon / Criminal law / Homosexuality / Criminalization / Jesuits / Maroniten
RelBib Classification:CB Christian life; spirituality
KBL Near East and North Africa
KCA Monasticism; religious orders
XA Law
Further subjects:B Lebanon
B Maronite
B Jesuit
B Aquinas
B Article 534
B Sectarianism
B conviviendum
B same-sex relations
B France
B Confessionalism
Online Access: Presumably Free Access
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520 |a Article 534 of the Lebanese Penal Code, effectively, criminalizes homosexual practices. Most commentators have claimed that its existence in modern Lebanon is a "colonial relic," specifically of the French Mandate, 1920-1946. But since 1791, French penal codes have not criminalized same-sex relations. I argue, instead, that Article 534 was the product of native religious, legal, and moral thinking among the Maronites, reinforced by the Thomistic and post-Tridentine moral theology taught in Lebanon by the Jesuit missions. Thomistic and post-Tridentine moral theology classified same-sex relations as worthy of condemnation as "unnatural acts" - the same language used in Article 534. Therefore, as a product of Lebanese political and religious sectarianism, Article 534 is a specific case of a congenial collaboration of Jesuit moral theology and a conservative Maronite ethical and legal koine. 
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