Les collegia romaines comparées aux synagogues judéennes et galiléennes (ier siècle av. J.-C. - iiie siècle apr. J.-C.)
The origins of the first synagogues are still under investigation today. In this paper, we will discuss the hypothesis comparing the first synagogues and the voluntary Greek-Roman associations which were so numerous in the Mediterranean World. First, we will see that the synagogues could be perceive...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | French |
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| Published: |
Brepols
2021
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| In: |
Judaïsme ancien
Year: 2021, Volume: 9, Pages: 81-96 |
| Online Access: |
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
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| 520 | |a The origins of the first synagogues are still under investigation today. In this paper, we will discuss the hypothesis comparing the first synagogues and the voluntary Greek-Roman associations which were so numerous in the Mediterranean World. First, we will see that the synagogues could be perceived by the Roman power as associations resembling to the collegia and thiasoi; the Roman laws especially those quoted in the Jewish Antiquities of Flavius Josephus reflect a confusion between the Jewish assemblies in the Diaspora and the Greek-Roman associations. In the second part of this paper, we will deal with the architecture from the work of P. Richardson because he compares buildings identified as synagogues with other buildings belonging to Greek-Roman associations. Finally, we will discuss if we can assume to extend the conclusions considering the synagogues of the Diaspora to the first synagogues excavated in Galilee and Judea. | ||
| 520 | |a L’origine des premières synagogues reste, de nos jours, sujette à diverses interprétations. Dans cet article, nous allons nous pencher sur l’hypothèse d’un rapprochement entre les premières synagogues et les associations volontaires gréco-romaines, qui foisonnaient dans le monde méditerranéen. Dans un premier temps, nous verrons que les synagogues pouvaient être perçues par les autorités romaines comme des organisations semblables aux collegia ou aux thiases ; les décrets rapportés notamment par Flavius Josèphe dans les Antiquités Juives reflètent en effet une confusion entre les assemblées juives de la diaspora et d’autres associations gréco-romaines. Dans une seconde partie, nous allons traiter la question sous l’angle architectural, en reprenant l’analyse de P. Richardson, qui compare des bâtiments identifiés comme des synagogues avec des bâtiments propres à des associations gréco-romaines. Il s’agira enfin de savoir si l’on peut étendre les constats portés sur les synagogues de la diaspora aux premières synagogues découvertes en Galilée et en Judée. | ||
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