The Kittim of Assyria
The expression 'Kittim of Asshur' in the War Scroll (1:2) is unique for two main reasons: first, outside of Qumran, the Kittim always come from the western Mediterranean world and not Asia; second, whenever they are mentioned together, the Kittim are in conflict with the Assyrians rather t...
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Peeters
2007
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| In: |
Revue de Qumran
Year: 2007, Volume: 23, Issue: 1, Pages: 63-77 |
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| 520 | |a The expression 'Kittim of Asshur' in the War Scroll (1:2) is unique for two main reasons: first, outside of Qumran, the Kittim always come from the western Mediterranean world and not Asia; second, whenever they are mentioned together, the Kittim are in conflict with the Assyrians rather than being their allies. Although it is generally assumed that any mention of the Kittim in intertestamental literature is an allusion to Balaam's oracle in Num 24:24, this is in fact not always the case. Rather, it seems that the Qumranites were the first to consider Num 24:24 as foundational in their understanding of the imminent eschaton. The expression is therefore the result of an innovation which consisted of incorporating Num 24:24 in their reinterpretation of the unfulfilled portion of Daniel's prophecy in 11:40-45. Consequently, the War Scroll is one of the earliest evidences of the use of Num 24:24 in eschatological texts of the Second Temple Period.\n4207 L'expression «kittim d'Asshour» dans le Rouleau de la Guerre (1:2) est étrange pour deux raisons majeures: premièrement, en dehors des textes de Qumrân, les Kittim viennent toujours du monde méditerranéen et non de l'Asie; deuxièmement, lorsqu'ils sont mentionnés ensemble, les Kittim sont en conflit avec les Assyriens et non leurs alliés. Bien qu'il soit généralement admis que toute mention des Kittim dans les écrits intertestamentaires est une allusion à l'oracle de Balaam en Nb 24:24, cela n'est pas nécessairement toujours le cas. Au contraire, il semblerait que les sectaires de Qumrân furent les premiers à considérer Nb 24:24 comme texte fondateur pour comprendre l'eschaton imminent. L'expression est donc le résultat d'une innovation qui consistait à lier Nb 24:24 à leur réinterprétation de la partie non achevée de la prophétie en Dn 11:40-45. En conséquence, le Rouleau de la Guerre est un des plus anciens témoignages de l'utilisation de Nb 24:24 dans la composition de textes eschatologiques pendant la période du second temple.\n4207 \n4207 | ||
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