Metatron is Not Enoch: Reevaluating the Evolution of an Archangel

This article traces the evolution of the archangel Metatron from his inception to his identification with Enoch. It argues that the name Metatron was derived from the term metator, which was used in Palestine to describe the role of the angel of the Lord in Exod 23:20-21. It was only in Babylonia th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal for the study of Judaism
Main Author: Paz, Yaḳir 1978- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill [2019]
In: Journal for the study of Judaism
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Hebrew book of Enoch, Enoch / Henoch / Henoch Biblical character / Angel
RelBib Classification:BH Judaism
HD Early Judaism
Further subjects:B Henoch Biblical character
B 3 Enoch
B Enoch
B Angels
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Summary:This article traces the evolution of the archangel Metatron from his inception to his identification with Enoch. It argues that the name Metatron was derived from the term metator, which was used in Palestine to describe the role of the angel of the Lord in Exod 23:20-21. It was only in Babylonia that Metatron became a name of a specific angel, where, however, he was never identified with Enoch. The first attestations of Metatron in Palestinian sources are only from the beginning of the seventh century CE, and they know nothing of Enoch. The earliest evidence for Enoch-Metatron is only found in Palestinian sources from the eighth century. Enoch-Metatron is therefore neither an ancient esoteric Palestinian tradition nor a Babylonian creation, but rather a late Palestinian innovative synthesis of Babylonian Metatron and Byzantine Enoch trajectories, which resulted in a new hybrid figure.
ISSN:1570-0631
Contains:Enthalten in: Journal for the study of Judaism
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1163/15700631-12501239