Why Durkheim really thought that Buddhism was a ‘religion’ (in memoriam Massimo Rosati)

In The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, and in ‘On the Definition of Religious Phenomena,' Durkheim famously asserted both that Buddhism was a ‘religion' and an ‘atheistic' one at that. Why he did so is a problem long-considered settled. Of two possible answers, one is commonpl...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Strenski, Ivan 1943- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Routledge [2020]
In: Religion
Year: 2020, Volume: 50, Issue: 4, Pages: 653-670
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Durkheim, Émile 1858-1917, Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse / Buddhism / Atheism / Religion / Foundations of / Meaning of life
RelBib Classification:AA Study of religion
AD Sociology of religion; religious policy
BL Buddhism
Further subjects:B Making a life
B Buddhism
B dynamogenism
Online Access: Volltext (Resolving-System)

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520 |a In The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, and in ‘On the Definition of Religious Phenomena,' Durkheim famously asserted both that Buddhism was a ‘religion' and an ‘atheistic' one at that. Why he did so is a problem long-considered settled. Of two possible answers, one is commonplace, while the other is uncommon and consequential. I shall attempt to explicate Durkheim's uncommon and far- reaching, but overlooked, reasons for declaring atheistic Buddhism a ‘religion.' This essay concurs with Martin Southwold that Durkheim believed - wrongly - that religion was ‘monothetic' class, when, in fact, it was ‘polythetic.' In order to admit Buddhism as a ‘religion,' Durkheim discovered that he had to apply different criteria for defining Buddhism as ‘religion’ than to theistic religions. Buddhism did not radiate dynamogenic force or induce a sense of existential dependence. Buddhism was a religion because it was an agent in making a meaningful life. 
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