Islamic Perceptions of the Pandemic: between Divine Decree and Political Plot

The paper begins with a quick examination of the Islamic medical tradition, and then moves on to analyze the reactions on the Arab mass media to the Coronavirus epidemic. From an analysis of various Arab mass media we have been able to observe that part of the Arab world have described the epidemic...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gonzaga, Paolo (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brepols 2022
In: Annali di scienze religiose
Year: 2022, Volume: 15, Pages: 315-343
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Summary:The paper begins with a quick examination of the Islamic medical tradition, and then moves on to analyze the reactions on the Arab mass media to the Coronavirus epidemic. From an analysis of various Arab mass media we have been able to observe that part of the Arab world have described the epidemic as a Western conspiracy following the most varied conspiracy theories based on anti-Western sentiments. The paper reports opinions taken from Arab newspapers and broadcasts from different areas of the Arab world and from different orientations. Then the study continues with the analysis of the reactions of the most important jihadist groups as well as the area of political Islām. We can note that the vision on the pandemic carried out by jihadist groups, permeated by anti-Western sentiments, in particular anti-American ones, is fundamentally based on the narrative of divine punishment, with extensive use of prophetic hadīth and Koranic verses, extrapolated without contextualization. Through the analysis of various jihadist writings we can see how their narrative has taken on political traits, exploiting the epidemic to challenge local governments as well as attack the United States. The study ends with the analysis of the positions of the area of political Islām, in this case of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, close to the thought of the more moderate sectors of the Muslim Brotherhood. Through this analysis it emerges how the idea that Covid was a divine decree or a political plot and the politicization of the virus represents a clear break with the ancient Islamic tradition in the medical field. Even from the approach taken towards the pandemic we can therefore observe how Wahhabism and Salafism have brought back the Arab and Islamic world which in its tradition was instead often characterized by a rationalist and pragmatic vision towards worldly and scientific issues.L’articolo inizia con un rapido esame della tradizione medica islamica, per poi passare ad analizzare le reazioni dei mass media arabi all’epidemia di Coronavirus. Da un’analisi di diversi mass media arabi abbiamo potuto osservare che in parte del mondo arabo l’epidemia è stata descritta come una cospirazione occidentale seguendo le più svariate teorie del complotto basate su sentimenti anti-occidentali. L’articolo riporta opinioni tratte da giornali arabi e trasmissioni provenienti da diverse aree del mondo arabo e da diversi orientamenti. Lo studio prosegue poi con l’analisi delle reazioni dei più importanti gruppi jihadisti e dell’area dell’Islām politico. Si può notare che la visione sulla pandemia portata avanti dai gruppi jihadisti, permeata da sentimenti anti-occidentali, in particolare anti-americani, è fondamentalmente basata sulla narrazione della punizione divina, con ampio uso di hadīth profetici e versetti coranici, estrapolati senza contestualizzazione. Attraverso l’analisi di vari scritti jihadisti possiamo vedere come la loro narrazione abbia assunto tratti politici, sfruttando l’epidemia per sfidare i governi locali oltre che per attaccare gli Stati Uniti. Lo studio si conclude con l’analisi delle posizioni dell’area dell’Islām politico, in questo caso del Consiglio europeo per la Fatwa e la ricerca, vicina al pensiero dei settori più moderati dei Fratelli Musulmani. Attraverso questa analisi emerge l’idea che il Covid sia un decreto divino o un complotto politico e la politicizzazione del virus rappresenti una netta rottura con l’antica tradizione islamica in campo medico. Anche dall’approccio tenuto nei confronti della pandemia possiamo quindi osservare come wahhabismo e salafismo abbiano riportato indietro il mondo arabo e islamico che nella sua tradizione si era invece spesso caratterizzato per una visione razionalista e pragmatica nei confronti delle questioni mondane e scientifiche.
ISSN:2294-8775
Contains:Enthalten in: Annali di scienze religiose
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1484/J.ASR.5.131833